Friday, August 25, 2006

Egyptian transportation

Egyptian transportation:

There are three types of transportation they are Passenger trains, Sleeper trains, Bus & ferry services.

ER is the backbone of passenger transportation in Egypt with 800 million passenger miles annually. Air-conditioned passenger trains usually have 1st and 2nd class service, while non-air-conditioned trains will have 2nd and 3 rd class. Most of the network connects the densely populated area of the Nile delta with Cairo and Alexandria as hubs. Train fares in commuter trains and 3rd class passenger trains are kept low as a social service. The Alexandria-Cairo-Luxor-Aswan link is served daily in both directions by air-conditioned sleeper trains of Abela Egypt. This service is especially attractive to tourists who can spend the night on the train as it covers the stretch between Cairo and Luxor a luxury express train also connects Cairo with Marsa Matruh towards the Lybian border. ENR serves a number of places by bus services including Abu Simbel, Sharm el Sheik, Siwa oasis, and Hurghada.

Thursday, August 10, 2006

kargil

Kargil war is an equipped conflict which took place between India and Pakistan form May and July 1999 in Kashmir. The war was between the Pakistani soldiers and Kashmiri militants where this led to position on the Indian side of the Line of Control, which serves as the de facto border between the two nations. And this was the main cause for the start of the war. The Indian Army, supported by the air force, attacked the Pakistani positions and, with international tactful support, ultimately strained a Pakistani pulling out across the Line of Control. The war is one of the most recent examples of high altitude warfare, in mountainous terrain, and posed significant logistics problems for the combating sides.

Friday, July 28, 2006

Early Stages of a pregnant woman and her health

Pregnancy is not an easy job for a woman. Starting from conception to birth, a woman's body carries out the most miraculous process of fertilization, implantation and the maturity and growth of her baby (or babies). Her body is her baby's dwelling place for the next nine months (or around 40 weeks) and the occurrences of pregnancy turn into a journey of many new physical feelings. Whether it is first, second, third (or more) pregnancy, her body will respond in a different way to each individual pregnancy. So health of a pregnant woman is very important to be taken care of. Throughout the first 12 weeks of pregnancy called the '1st trimester’, a woman's body adjust to present a fostering and protective environment for her baby to grow and develop. Seldom, the early signs of pregnancy can make a woman feel puzzled. This may be for the reason that many of the physical signs of in the early hours of pregnancy such as enlarged tender breasts, sensitivity of tiredness, overstuffed and perhaps experiencing spasms and/or pelvic uneasiness can be considered as normal pre-menstrual signs. In all these stages the health of the woman declines because she is not only feeding herself, also her little developing fetus.
They may also sense disgusted or sick, due to morning sickness. It is not unusual to feel unsure about what is 'normal' during the early stages of pregnancy development, and unfamiliar signs or sensations may trigger concerns about the health, of her and baby. It’s been proved by the Gynecologists that every woman's body will react in a different way to being pregnant. Many women find their early pregnancy symptoms very difficult to cope with, both at work and generally.

Due to continuous vomiting and nourishing the fetus the pregnant woman may be exhausted very easily. She has to constantly keep her energetic by maintaining a healthy diet schedule as prescribed by the physicians. She can have more fresh green vegetables and fruit juices to make her feel fresh and energetic. It’s always significant to make sure that she avoids drinking and smoking because whatever she has will be directly absorbed by the baby. Once the fetus starts developing she has to get primed for all the obstacles she has to experience throughout pregnancy. Many psychologists predict that a healthy pregnancy is not only from taking care of the nutrition for the pregnant women, more than that she has to be taken care from all the hassles in her family. It’s the duty of a loving husband to caress her comfortably and keep her happy always throughout the gestation period. This will not only make the woman feel happy and hopeful it will directly lead to the good development of the fetus.

Monday, June 05, 2006

Features of AmbiLOG

• Anonymous caller numbers for privacy purposes
• Automatic import of users and extensions
• Clearly arranged total reports
• Compose your individual queries by drag and drop with query reports
• Export reports as PDF, Word, Excel or RTF files
• Generate your own reports
• Graphical reports
• Manual or automatically scheduled import of CDR data (hourly, daily, weekly or monthly)
• MSDE database integrated – alternatively MySQL, SQL or Oracle databases are supported (database licenses must be bought separately)
• Network ready
• Phone book with automatic number recognition
• Powerful administration and configuration features for users, extensions, apartments and projects
• Reports of incoming, outgoing and internal calls
• Reports of multiple sites
• Scalable user access rights
• Send reports by email
• Tariff manager Features of ambiLOG web

• Additional web-based module for ambiLOG
• Additional web browser interfaces available
• All reports from ambiLOG available
• Automatic synchronisation with ambiLOG
• Easy to use with your web browser
• Multilingual
• Supports Linux, Unix and Windows platform
AmbiLOG: call accounting for SwyxWare

For the vast majority of businesses, telephony is still the most popular form of business communication. Therefore it is critical that the effectiveness of this tool is easy to monitor and account for. For example, do you know which parts of your business generate the highest calling costs, or how many calls fail to reach you because of busy lines, or when exactly your peak hours are?
Many modern computer-based PBXs can provide customers with a wealth of valuable data but that data is often hidden in endless columns of numbers. ambiLOG is a flexible and convenient tool that works in conjunction with SwyxWare to make the available information easy to analyse.

Solution overview

ambiLOG’s clear and well-organised user inter-face makes it easy to use even for
beginners. The standard ambiLOG version runs on any Windows PC or server. There is an optional web-client called ambiLOG Web which lets you use all ambiLOG features over the internet. In addition ambiLOG can also send reports automatically by email. The power of ambiLOG Queries are one of ambiLOG’s most powerful features. With queries, you can easily sort and filter large and small files containing call data. It’s as simple as dragging and dropping the relevant search criteria in the order you need. The result: an instantaneous structured overview of all the data.
The reporting features with ambiLOG make this a valuable tool for monitoring costs within your business. You can see at a glance which users, projects, departments or extensions have generated the highest costs and how much time has been spent on the phone. And, the option to see a concise overview of the top 10 highest costs as well as a detailed report with all connections allows you to spend just as much time as you need managing your business. You even have the choice of how to view the reports - in text or graphical form. Customisable for your business with fully automated operation ambiLOG features can be implemented to reflect the internal structure of your company such as departments, project groups and employees. In addition, users can be imported from your SwyxServer and linked to extensions and user information created in ambiLOG. Once configured, ambiLOG works fully automatically if you want it to. By setting up schedules, ambiLOG can automatically gather date from the SwyxServer and generate reports which can be sent to you via email. Features of ambiLOG web

• Additional web-based module for ambiLOG
• Additional web browser interfaces available
• All reports from ambiLOG available
• Automatic synchronisation with ambiLOG
• Easy to use with your web browser
• Multilingual
• Supports Linux, Unix and Windows platform
AmbiLOG: call accounting for SwyxWare

For the vast majority of businesses, telephony is still the most popular form of business communication. Therefore it is critical that the effectiveness of this tool is easy to monitor and account for. For example, do you know which parts of your business generate the highest calling costs, or how many calls fail to reach you because of busy lines, or when exactly your peak hours are?
Many modern computer-based PBXs can provide customers with a wealth of valuable data but that data is often hidden in endless columns of numbers. ambiLOG is a flexible and convenient tool that works in conjunction with SwyxWare to make the available information easy to analyse.

Homeoffersusa

Online home sales have become more prominent in the real estate field. As per the recent data it’s recorded that most of the prominent states in USA and other prominent states worldwide prefer to sell home fast and therefore look forward for professionals who buy houses for cash and complete the real estate transactions quickly and easily within a short span of time. The deliberate devise of the internet in the web world has fastened the rate of home sales in this way. The online home sales professionals have real estate listings on their site covering most of the prominent states and other provinces worldwide especially USA, UK and Europe.

This novel strategy with which the people can make their home buying and selling process themselves by just sitting at home browsing through the net. This is the best way the buyer or seller prefers without lose of time and energy. More over there is no brokerage commission or any other fees to be paid to the online home sale professionals because they provide all the information’s cost free because they want to achieve a fast rate buying & selling process in the real estate field with their valued customers.

Some of online home buyers buy any type of homes for sales confined to a particular locality. They buy old, ugly, ruined, spoilt, damaged houses which are not preferred by most of the home buyers. They buy houses for cash demanded by the home seller. Home selling process which was very tiresome to people sometime back has now turned to be an easy going process with online home sale experts. In spite of high competition in the real estate field for new houses in most of the important destinies, the online home sales experts have proved to gather more homes in the market. They can easily buy homes for sale in such places.

Any lay man can make the home buying & selling process easy by just gathering the information’s in the internet. The online home sales professionals would be glad to welcome you and find the dream house for you in just few days time. They also give ample information’s regarding the search for a home in a particular city. Nowadays home buyers are very particular in selecting their house and for this reason; most of the online realtors furnish all the details of the house in the real estate listings along with the photos, sketch and maps of the house destined to the particular location within the country. They also help people to find houses in the country where they are recently relocated.

India tourism

We organize tourism in India, building India tourism a pleasurable affair. We offer variable custom-made travel tour India packages customized to cover Indiana tourism in a more successful way. You can merge into the India culture sports and tourism surrounded by India tour breaks. Toptourguide.com gives you all the information essential for an unforgettable experience in India tourism. Make the best opportunity to tour and travel in India – a country of culture and conditions.

Vacation Villas

A villa is a luxurious house built for the upper class people of Rome. An ancient author and Natural philosopher Mr. Pliny describes more in writtings about the Roman villas of the empire. He categorises the villas as two types they are the villa urbana and villa rustica. The villa urbana was a country seat which could easily be reached within a night or two from the Rome or another city. And the villa rustica is the farm house estate. These farm house estates are permanently occupied by the servants who had charge generally of the estate, which would center on the villa itself, perhaps these villas are seasonally occupied.

The dwelling quarters, consisting of several low buildings, included recreation facilities and lodgings for the servants. The villa rustica, which is the farmhouse type, had barns, orchards, and vineyards, and the villa urbana type which are used as a pleasure retreat had the incidental garden architecture adorned with fountains and sculptures.

There are other villas that originated during different periods like post-roman villas, renaissance villas, Palladio’s villas, English villas and modern villas.

Florida Lifestyle

Florida is an enchanting city located in southern United States. This magical land is filled with fun and excitement. Popularly called as “The Sunshine City”, Florida exhibits a wonderful moderate climate through out the year. The major attraction in Florida is its superb weather, this city experiences long and warm summers and cool winters. Extremes of climate are very rare in Florida. This is the reason for the migration of elderly people from the colder northern parts of United States. This pleasant weather also attracts a lot of tourists. The most fascinating aspect of Florida is its diversified cities. Each city located in Florida houses something unique and different.

People flock to Florida not only for its tourist attractions but also for its employment opportunities. Florida presents a variety of job opportunities; this is because mixtures of industries are present in this state. There are many media and gaming industries in various cities in Florida, so people interested in this field come to Florida. This state contains a lot of software and hardware industries, which invites all the software and hardware professionals.

Living in the orange country Florida gives you a fabulous experience. The taxes collected in Florida are, the sales tax, the use tax, intangible tax and the corporate income tax. There is no need to pay the personnel income tax in Florida. Some people consider the cost of living in Florida to be a bit expensive; the housing prices are also high in and around the state of Florida.

All kinds of foodstuffs are available in Florida. Owing to its suitable climate it produces a variety of fruits and vegetables. Florida is the dream place for people from other parts of the world; the reason for this is the breadth taking “Disney Land” in Orlando. This popular attraction point receives more than a million of visitors every year. Florida’s major part of economy comes from the tourists industry, while the other kind of manufacturing industries also give a helping hand.

Since millions of people visit Florida, this state is also filled with restaurants, bars and clubs. Florida contains a large variety of restaurants, and these restaurants serve different cuisines. Nightclubs and bars are also popular in this city.

Florida Vacation Resort

Florida is the most beautiful state in southeast United States. Florida is situated on the peninsula between the Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean and Straits of Florida. The Florida also has a Spanish adjective meaning called flowery. Tallahassee is the capital for the state florida. Jacksonville is the largest city in florida. The Florida has a nickname called "The Sunshine State". In United States the Central florida is called the lightning capital. Florida is said to be the most beautiful state in United States. It has various vacation spots like disney land, busch garden, sea world, everglades, florida beaches and many more. Orlando has become the most popular tourist area, because of disney world. As the major attraction is tourism in florida, it plays the major part for improving the florida economy.

Sunday, June 04, 2006

Auto Transport

Transportation was considered to be a luxury in the ancient times but now it has become a real necessity. Man being a technological animal has developed various modes of transportation. In which auto-transport stands out to be the striking feature.
Vehicle shipping is not a very easy task, before this vehicle shipping came in to existence, people were helpless about transporting there vehicles. So if they needed to move out of the city or country their vehicle transportation was impossible. But auto transport served to be a real remedy for this problem.
Auto transportation service is nothing but a carrier service which transports your vehicles, across the city or country. If you plan to leave the country or city then you are now free to take your vehicle with you. This service is economical than selling your own vehicle in one place and then buying the same in another new place.
Auto transport proves to be the best way, or it is the only way of shipping your adored vehicles safely. But there are some basic points to be checked before selecting a auto- transportation service.

1. First we need to check whether our vehicles are in safe hands, so that our vehicles remain undamaged during the transportation process.
2. Regardless of the mode of transportation employed we have to obtain insurance for our vehicle. This proves to be a protective method.
3. The services offered by the vehicle shipping company should be taken into consideration. Their delivery services and our conveniences should be taken into account.
4. If our vehicle needs to be stored, be it short or long term, we have to check whether the storage facilities are up to the mark.
5. If you need to check whether any company is properly licensed then visit the website of Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration.
6. Before you ship your vehicle enquire about the transportation time in advance, check out whether the company offers speedy vehicle shipping
7. Confirm with the company about their inspection services.
8. Enquire about the conditions and environment about the carrier which is used to transport your vehicle.
9. And finally select a company which demands a fair shipping price in accordance with their services.

Mp3 player Accessories

We are living in a millennium where the technological advancements are above imagination. One such mind blowing audio breakthrough is the mp3 players. These mp3 players come in a variety of sizes ranging from huge players to small handy ones which could be carried everywhere. The mp3 player also called as the audio digital player comes with fancy buttons, cute icons, smart accessories and unbelievable features. They also possess an interactive display. You get players consisting of a variety of display. The display sizes also range from small to big. Mp3 players can be used with so many different accessories.

Nowadays we are able to use these players to connect to our computers where we can transfer files from our computer to the mp3 player. This ability makes the mp3 player very useful and also it avoids the use of compact disks. The innovative gadgets and accessories used with the mp3 player is aeat technological progress. The storage capacity in the mp3 player is much larger when compared to other storage medium. This high storage capacity is achieved, because all the files are stored in a compressed manner. You can even download free mp3 files from the internet legally. The mp3 players reached the heights of popularity because these audio digital players emphasized on quality. Quality is one unbeatable factor in these

Debt consolidation

Debt consolidation is the process by which a consumer exchanges one loan for another taking various factors in to consideration. Factors such as reduction of average interest rate, reduced to one credit payment from multiple creditors, reduction of past interest or penalty charges, obtaining a payment plan as per the capability of an individual and becoming debt free individual at a faster rate.
Advantages1. Reduction of average interest rate:Taking multiple credit interest rate (which varies from one credit card to another) in to account will have a high interest when compared to one single credit interest for the whole amount with a low interest rate. So an individual may choose this option to reduce his interest rate.2. Reduction to one credit payment:An individual may use many credit cards and pay his bills for all the credit cards. This may need a good management technique depending up on the number of cards in use. If you use more number of credit cards then the planning need to be done more appropriately and executed timely where as if you have one credit card your job is done in a way simple and easily executable. One hence opts to shift from multiple loan payments to one loan payment program replacing all the rest.3. Reduction of past interest or penalty charges:One opting for debt consolidation may go for reduction of past interest or penalty charges paid for the borrowed amount under certain options. Options include high interest rate or penalty charges placed for the credited amount, when the total amount paid in the history till date exceeds the borrowed amount, or if it is a very long duration payment program going for 5 yrs or above. Under each case stated one can reduce the past interest and penalty charges or sometimes even eliminate those and pay only the amount borrowed.4. Obtaining a payment plan:This payment plan is given to the consumer analyzing the capability of an individual by thoroughly going through the personal needs of an individual, his responsibilities etc after which the debt consolidator restructures the existing plans taken by the consumer.5. Becoming debt free at a faster rate:Taking debt consolidation program relieves a person from debts at a faster rate than the usual time, which is required to come out of the debt. Following the plans given by a debt consolidator and proper execution of the plan will surely make an individual debt free and obtain high credit scores.
Disadvantages1. When applying for a loan to replace another you go under the secured loan payment plan placed against an asset such as a home, car or any belongings. Hence at a risk of closing the loan through the asset placed against the loan.
2. You tend to use your credit cards again since you had paid back the credit amount through another loan. Hence the usage of credit cards ads up to your debts ending up in bankruptcy.

Sunday, May 21, 2006

Membrane Filtration


A well-arranged process conduction which infact work without the addition of chemicals. Membrane technology is a generic term for separation processes. With membrane filters, filtration mainly occurs on the filter surface. Particles, which are larger than the normal pore size, remain on the filter, smaller particles pass through it unless other interactions get retained in them.

They are used to separate colloids, Suspended particles and molecules from liquids. Thus feed flow is divided into two streams a filtrate stream, and a highly concentrate stream.

Membrane systems with its filtration can be managed in either dead-end flow or cross-flow. The purpose of the optimization of the membrane techniques is the achievement, which is of the highest possible production for a long period of time, with acceptable pollution levels.

Thursday, April 27, 2006

Machine Taper

Machine tool accessories is a need for users to be able to quickly and easily install or remove particular cutting bits or other accessories from the powered rotating spindle of the machine tool. Lathe headstock has a rotating spindle to which one may want to mount a spur drive. The machine tool can present a threaded spindle, to which accessories are screwed. The machine tool may have a permanent chuck. The different types are collet chuck, jaw chuck, lathe chuck, Sjogren speed chucks, and 5c collet chuck.

A simple, low cost, and versatile option is to hollow out a truncated conical void in the rotating spindle, coaxial with the axis of rotation. Tools or accessories can then have a mating male conical shaped shank, which precisely fits into the void. The pressure of the spindle against the workpiece serves to drive the tapered shank tightly into the tapered receptable. The friction across the entire surface area of the interface provides a surprisingly large amount of torque transmission; so that splines or keys are not required. This system is known as a machine taper.

Friday, April 21, 2006

Home Decorations


Dolls were issued in England as Action Girl. These dolls were very similar to the US-issued dolls except that their eyes were side glancing and their hair was different. The US dolls had a piece of hair on other side of the face pulled up into a bow on top of the head. The Action Girl dolls had straight hair with no bows. Desktop Décor objects are also available.

The Action Girl dolls also had their own line of clothing. They also came out as a special Grants doll called Donna. These dolls had curly hair pulled to one side. It is used for home decorations.

The Teddy bear is a stuffed toy bear for children. It is an enduring, traditional form of stuffed animal, often serving the purpose of comforting upset young children. In recent times, some teddy bears, Wall Clocks have become expensive collector's items are used as a home accents.

The word art is also used to apply judgments of value, as in such expressions as "that meal was a work of art" (the cook is an artist), or "the art of deception," (the highly attained level of skill of the deceiver is praised). It is this use of the word as a measure of high quality and high value that gives the term its flavor of subjectivity.

Wednesday, March 29, 2006

Multitrack Recorders

Gigasonic has a range of digital musical solutions which suit everyone’s needs. There is the provision of shopping by multitrack recorders as you browse through. The computer music category includes interface packages which consist of MIDI interfaces, Audio interfaces, music software and special bundles. To record audio in to your computer, gigasonic has a wide range of audio interfaces. This includes USB and PCI audio interfaces which has premium sound quality and economically viable. These interfaces come with brand names like digital music software, music mixing software, Line 6 and Edirol. These audio interfaces have balanced main outputs, input channels headphone outputs and balanced line inputs.

Friday, December 23, 2005

What is a Medical Assistant?

What is a Medical Assistant?

What is a Medical Assistant?Medical assisting is a field full of opportunity for those who enjoy working side by side with physicians and others in a medical office or clinic, regardless of gender. Traditionally, medical assisting has been a profession dominated by women, mostly because of biased counseling and recruiting, and misconceptions about the workforce. A study called "Title IX and Equal Opportunity in Vocational and Technical Education" conducted in June 2002 showed that male students made up less than 14 percent in courses offering medical assisting training in the 12 states surveyed.However, contrary to certain stereotyped preconceptions and believes male medical assistants are highly valued and respected colleagues. Just like their female counterparts they usually are very much liked by the patients in a modern healthcare facility and it is encouraging to see that recently more and more male medical assistants are beginning to enter into this very rewarding profession!Medical assisting is a dynamic field that is always changing and always growing. In this day and age where medical assistants are being asked to undertake increasingly complex tasks in either the front or back office there is room for everybody! The common goal of all medical assistants, whether male or female is the care and treatment of patients.Front office tasks mostly consist of administrative duties, such as answering the phones, scheduling appointments, and assisting patients to fill out their information forms; whereas back office duties consistsof clinical tasks, revolving around patient care, such as taking vital signs, performing simple diagnostic tests, and sterilizing and cleaning equipment and examination rooms.

Rosetta stone

Rosetta stone

The Rosetta stone is very famous for it provided the key to solve the ancient Egyptian language. The Rosetta Stone was carved in 196 B.C. It was discovered by the French soldiers who came with Napoleon. The Frenchman Jean François Champollion is the one who cracked the code of the stone.The discovery of the stone of rosette later called Rosetta stone is an interesting story. The stone was discovered by the French troops in Napoleon's military expedition, in 1799 in Lower Egypt, when they were digging the foundations of an addition to a fort near the town of el-Rashid (Rosetta), in the Nile Delta. It was discovered near the town of Rosetta (now Rashid), located in the Nile Delta about 40 miles northeast of Alexandria, by a Frenchman, Pierre Bouchard, on 15 July 1799. Captain Bouchard, an engineer officer in Napoleon's expedition to Egypt, was supervising the reconstruction of an old fort, as part of the preparations for defending the French from attacks by British and Turkish forces in the area. The Rosetta Stone came to light during the demolition of a wall in the fort. Captain Bouchard saw that the polished black basalt stone contained three sections of different types of writing, and recognized its significance immediately. He sent the stone to Cairo, to the scholars who also accompanied the French expedition to Egypt.In 1801, after two years of warding off attacks by the British, and after their defeat at Abuquir Bay, the French forces in Egypt surrendered. Under the terms of the Treaty of Capitulation, all antiquities in the possession of the French, including the Rosetta Stone, were ceded to the British.The stone is a compact basalt slab (114x72x28 cm) that was found in July 1799 in the small Egyptian village Rosette (Raschid), which is located in the western delta of the Nile. The stone contained words in three types of writing: Egyptian hieroglyphs, Demotic, which is a shorthand version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, and Greek. By translating the Greek section, scholars were able to learn what the hieroglyphs meant. This enabled them to translate inscriptions inside the Egyptian temples.The inscription on the stone was a decree passed by a general council of priests which assembled at Memphis on the first anniversary of the coronation of Ptolemy V Epiphanes, king of all Egypt. The text concerns the honours bestowed on the king by temples of Egypt in return for services rendered by him to Egypt both at home and abroad. Priestly privileges, especially those of an economic nature, are listed in detail. Because the inscription appears in three scripts, hieroglyphic, demotic, and Greek, scholars were able to decipher the Egyptian hieroglyphic and demotic versions by comparing them with the Greek version. The representation of a single text of the three mentioned script variants enabled the French scholar Jean Francois Champollion (1790-1832) in 1822 to basically decipher the hieroglyphs. Furthermore, with the aid of the Coptic language (language of the Christian descendants of the ancient Egyptians), he succeeded to realize the phonetic value of the hieroglyphs. This proved the fact that hieroglyphs do not have only symbolic meaning, but that they also served as a "spoken language". this article is courtesy of www.kingtutshop.com Home of educational kits and handmade crafts.Another British physicist Thomas Young worked on the translation of the stone with the French Egyptologist Jean François Champollion.Thomas Young, the English Physicist, was the first to prove that the elongated ovals or cartouches in the hieroglyphic section of the stone contained a royal name written phonetically, in this case that of Ptolemy. Jean François Champollion went on to correct and enlarge Young's list of phonetic hieroglyphs and lay the foundations of our knowledge of the ancient Egyptian language in a paper which was read to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in Paris in 1822.It was this discovery -- that the Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system used a combination of ideograms, phonetic signs, and determinatives -- that provided the breakthrough in the translation of hieroglyphic writing. And this ability to read the ancient hieroglyphs in turn opened the door to the history of ancient Egypt and gave birth to the new discipline of Egyptology

Ancient Egyptian animals

Ancient Egyptian animals

The ancient Egyptians were very fond of animals. They had animals that were sacred, some were pets and other were used in farming.This article is courtesy of www.kingtutshop.com home of handmade crafts and educational kits.Sacred Animals.Animals were thought to be sacred to the Egyptians because they believed that when one of their gods or goddesses came down to earth, they would represent themselves as a specific species. The Egyptians thought by honoring them, they would be pleasing the god. They also thought that animals shared an afterlife with their humans so it resulted in animals being buried within its family tomb.The animals that were considered especially sacred: ·cat- The male cat had religious connections with Ra. Kittens were specifically reared for sacrificial/worship uses .·cattle- Beef was often used as a sacrificial offering to various deities. ·scarab beetle- The emblem of a specific goddess, the scarab beetle was associated with the daily birth of the sun, and credited with spontaneous generation of its young. Because of its sacred status, it was widely represented in art.·Jackel- it was considered a protector of royal tombs from robbers and helped in the afterlife journey. Cats and Kittens.One of the most common animal mummies in Egypt was the cat. Cats were believed to represent the goddess Bastet. Consequently, they were raised in and around temples devoted to Bastet. When they died, they were mummified and buried in huge cemeteries, often in large communal graves.From about 332 B.C. to 30 B.C., animals began to be raised for the specific purpose of being turned into mummies. The mummies were sold to people on their way to worship a god and left at the temple as offerings. Scientists have uncovered a gruesome fact: many cats died quite premature and unnatural deaths. Two- to four-month-old kittens seemed to have been sacrificed in huge numbers. So many cat mummies were made that researchers can only guess that there were millions of them. Bastet: Cats are very useful animals in a country that depends on grain. The cat's hunting instincts were honoured by the Ancient Egyptians, but so was the cat's gentler side as a warm and loving mother to her kittens. Bastet can be shown as a woman with a feline head. There are disagreements among zoologists as to when these animals first began to live with humans along the Nile, and about which feline became the Egyptian pet. Cats do not appear as household pets during the Age of the Pyramids, though they were very popular animal companions in later times. Cattle were thought to be sacred and beef was often used for offerings to the gods or goddesses. A bull represented power, aggression, masculinity, fertility; these could be the attributes of kingship. . The cow's large eyes with long lashes, and her generally quiet demeanor suggested a gentle aspect of feminine beauty. Her gift of milk, which could sustain a human child, became of symbol of love and sustenance.Hathor: Hathor as the royal goddess. Her name means 'House of Horus." Her image could take the form of a cow, a woman with a cow's head, or a woman wearing the horns of a cow. As a motherly cow, she gave the king her divine milk, and protected him as a cow protects her calf. She was the goddess of love, music, singing, and dance. She was one of the most important deities in the Age of the Pyramids, and her popularity continued to the end of Egyptian civilization. In the early economy of Egypt, cows were wealth. A herd of cattle was a beautiful sight because it represented wealth in the form of food, milk, hides, and work, as oxen pulled the ploughs of farmers. Cattle dung was a valuable fertilizer and had many uses in building. The Egyptians admired many qualities in cows, besides their economic benefits. The cow's careful tending of her calf was a model for motherhood. In a time when many women died in childbirth, the ability of cow's milk to sustain a human baby was deeply appreciated. Cows, like people, love music and will happily listen to a human singing, thus it made sense for Hathor to be goddess of music. The big, gentle brown eyes of cows set a standard for beauty. The HawkA hawk, who soars high above the world of humans, seeming to expend no energy in his long hours aloft, and who - far seeing, -can swoop in an instant to capture his prey in sharp talons, became a symbol of kingship.Anty: Anty was a hawk god of Upper Egypt. He is shown as a hawk sitting on a crescent moon, or in a boat. He became associated with other hawk-gods, such as Sokar Horus: This god is shown as a falcon, or as a man with the head of a falcon. In Egyptian, his name is Her - the distant one. Like the good king who sees everything in his kingdom, the hawk is noted for his sharp vision. The sudden stoop of the hawk, as he leaves the distant sky to attack and capture his prey, is like the quick and decisive action of a king in defense of his country. Horus is one of the oldest gods of the Egyptians. In the days when powerful leaders were fighting to make one nation out of smaller settlements, the early rulers were called Followers of Horus. On the Narmer palette, the King is shown with a falcon whose one human arm holds a rope that passes through the nose of a defeated rival. The earliest way of distinguishing the name of a king from the names of others was the serekh, which was a rectangle representing the palace of the king, with a hawk on the top. Originally, there were at least two gods called Horus. One is the fifth child of Nut and Geb, Horus the Elder, and the other is the son of Isis and Osiris. Over time, their stories and attributes came together. An old story tells of how Osiris, king of Egypt, was murdered by his brother, Seth. Seth was very strong and powerful. He took over the country, and ruled well. Isis, the wife of Osiris, hid the child she had born, and raised him in secret. When Horus grew up, he claimed his father's throne. Seth and Horus struggled for the kingship, but in the end Horus' claim, as son of the previous king, was recognized by a court of all the gods, and Horus became king. In Ancient Egypt, each king was Horus. When a king died, Egyptians said that the falcon had flown to Heaven and united with the Sun Disk. The next king then became Horus. Like the Hawk, the king was a fighter, a warrior. This is why Horus, when shown as a hawk-headed man, wears an armored breast-plate. Anubis: This jackal-headed god looked after the dead, and was in charge of the important task of mummification. Anubis can appear as either a black canine with long sharp ears, or as a man with a canine head. The black colour of Anubis is not natural to jackals or to the wild dogs of Egypt; it may refer to the discoloration of a body after death and during mummification. The black colour also refers to the rich dark soil of Egypt, from which new growth came every year; in similar manner, the dead would come to new life after burial. Dogs, as animal companions, were present in Egypt from the very beginning. Sometimes dogs were buried with their masters. It may have given the Egyptians comfort to think of such an animal as guarding the cemeteries, protecting the dead. There are other minor animals that were held sacred by the Egyptians so because they were beneficial others because they were considered evil. Examples of these animals are:-The mongoose was respected because of its skill and power of robbing nests and eating snakes.The snakes were thought to be evil. Because the snake's poisonous bite, it killed many people.The crocodile was known for its silent attacks on people near the Nile water.The hippopotamus was considered evil and very dangerous. They were killed to protect the people. At night the hippopotamus would trample the fields.The locusts were considered evil because they would destroy and damage crops.Frogs and toads were the sign of fertility. The number one hundred thousandths is a sign of a tadpole. Heket: Frog-headed goddess of childbirth. Frogs, who produce vast numbers of tadpoles, were popular as amulets to ensure fertility.Babi is a deity shown in Baboon form, and it's from his name that we get our word for these animals. Babi is ferocious, even blood-thirsty, unlike the usually calm and reasonable Thoth who also appears as a baboon. Other animals represented by a god/goddess or sacred were ibises, dogs, rams, baboons, shrews, fishes, gazelles, and lions.Farm AnimalsAnimals were one of the most important things about farming. Animals helped ancient Egyptians with jobs like trampling in the seeds, pulling the plow, eating unwanted grain or wheat and providing them with food and drink. But having these animals may have caused misfortune like if a donkey nibbled on someone else's crops the farmer could threaten to take its owner to court. Also if animals were sick the Egyptians had to do all the work that they did. If animals were not marked they may have been stolen. Some of the farm animals were goats, pigs, ducks, cows, and geese.

Friday, December 16, 2005

Types of Water Treatment:

Water Conditioners:
This is one of the most efficient water treatment method and the water which comes out from them has low sodium diets .it does not contain Lime scales Water which intakes appliances lasts for a longer period. It increases the efficiency of heat. It also the effectiveness of soap, it retains calcium and it is very good for health, it has low running cost. The disadvantage is that it wont treats any specific hard water problems
Water softeners:
The water softeners takes off lime scale, it brings up heating efficiency and it increases the life span of clothes.

Activated carbon water filters:

They are good in removing chlorine from the water and they are also efficient in removing organic efficiency. This filtration does not deal with microbes, sodium, nitrates, fluorides and hardness.Ultraviolet water filters:
These filters have maximum fabrication capacity and they kill 99% of the germs they are passing through. But these filters do not remove dead cells and do not kill other contaminants.

Water Distillers:
Takes away the natural water cycle processes. Distilled Water is very pure and it is free from all the impurities. It has low Filtration Capacity and high running cost.